nkhani

M'miyoyo yathu, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, monga mafoni a m'manja, makompyuta, ma TV, ndi zina zotero; koma, kodi mukudziwa kuti zida zamagetsi izi zimapangidwa ndi masauzande azinthu zamagetsi, koma Tidanyalanyaza kukhalapo kwawo. Tiyeni tiwone zigawo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapanga zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndiyeno tipange masanjidwe apamwamba a 10 azinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi m'mafoni am'manja
1. Zigawo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi: ma capacitors, resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diode, transistors, machubu a elekitironi, ma relay, ma transistors, zolumikizira, zida zosiyanasiyana, zosinthira, zosefera, masiwichi, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Miyezo 10 yapamwamba kwambiri yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
Kenaka, tikupitiriza kuyang'ana pamwamba pa 10 masanjidwe amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti tiwone kuti ndi gawo liti lomwe lingakhale bwana.
Nambala 10: Transformer. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito thiransifoma (dzina lachingerezi: Transformer) ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya electromagnetic induction kuti isinthe magetsi a AC. Imagwira ntchito pakukweza ndi kutsitsa magetsi pazida zamagetsi, komanso imakhala ndi ntchito monga kufananitsa impedance ndi kudzipatula kwachitetezo.

Na. 9: Sensa. Sensa (dzina lachingerezi: transducer/sensor) ndi chipangizo chodziwikiratu chomwe chimatha kumva zomwe zikuyezedwa, ndipo zimatha kusintha chidziwitsocho kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi kapena mitundu ina yofunikira yachidziwitso molingana ndi malamulo ena kuti akwaniritse kutumiza, kukonza, kusunga. , zowonetsera, kujambula ndi kulamulira zofunika. Kuti adziwe zambiri kuchokera kudziko lakunja, anthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zomva. Komabe, ziwalo zomvera za anthu ndizotalikirana mokwanira pophunzira zochitika zachilengedwe ndi malamulo ndi ntchito zopanga. Kuti mugwirizane ndi izi, masensa amafunikira. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti sensa ndikuwonjezera kwa ziwalo zisanu zamunthu, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zisanu.

Nambala 8: chubu chogwira ntchito. Field effect transistor (dzina lachingerezi: Field Effect Transistor mwachidule (FET)), dzina lonse la field effect transistor, ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi olowera kuwongolera kutulutsa kwamakono, ndipo amatchulidwa pambuyo pake. izo. The field effect chubu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukulitsa, kukana kusinthasintha, kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ngati gwero lanthawi zonse, kusintha kwamagetsi, kuyika kwamphamvu kwambiri, komanso koyenera kwambiri kusintha kwa impedance.

Nambala 7: Transistor. Transistor ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimawongolera pakali pano ndipo chimatha kukulitsa zamakono. Ntchito yake ndikukulitsa chizindikiro chofooka mu chizindikiro chamagetsi ndi mtengo wokulirapo; imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chosinthira chopanda kulumikizana kuti chiwongolere mabwalo osiyanasiyana amagetsi.

Nambala 6: Diode ya Varactor. Ma Varactor Diodes (dzina lachingerezi: Varactor Diodes), omwe amadziwikanso kuti "Variable Reactance Diodes", amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe omwe makulidwe amagawo amasiyanasiyana ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe mphambano ya pN ikukondera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina apamwamba kwambiri, kulumikizana ndi mabwalo ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati variable capacitor. . Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo othamanga kwambiri posinthira zokha, kusinthasintha pafupipafupi, ndi kufananiza, mwachitsanzo, ngati chosinthira chosinthira pakusintha kwa wolandila wailesi yakanema.

Varactor diode
Na. 5: Wotsogolera. Inductance ndi katundu wa loop yotsekedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi. Pamene koyiloyo ikudutsa panopa, mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwira mu coil, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imapanga mphamvu yowonongeka kuti ikanize zomwe zikuchitika panopa; inductor (dzina lachingerezi: Inductor) ndi gawo la inductance lopangidwa ndi inductance properties. Pamene palibe chapano kupyolera mu inductor, idzayesa kutsekereza pakali pano kuti isadutse pamene dera likuyenda; ngati inductor ili pakali pano kudzera m'boma, idzayesa kusunga panopa pamene dera lazimitsidwa. Ma inductors amatchedwanso chokes, reactors, ndi ma reactors amphamvu.

Nambala 4: diode ya Zener. Zener diode (dzina lachingerezi la Zener diode) ndikugwiritsa ntchito pn junction reverse reverse breakdown state, yapano imatha kusinthidwa mosiyanasiyana pomwe ma voliyumu ali chimodzimodzi, opangidwa ndi diode yokhala ndi mphamvu yokhazikika. Diode iyi ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu mpaka voteji ya reverse reverse breakdown. Pa nthawi yovutayi yosweka, kutsutsa kumbuyo kumachepetsedwa kukhala mtengo wochepa kwambiri, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwaposachedwa m'dera lotsika lotsutsa. Mpweya umakhalabe wokhazikika, ndipo diode ya Zener imagawidwa malinga ndi mphamvu yowonongeka. Chifukwa cha izi, diode ya Zener imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chowongolera ma voltage kapena gawo lolozera ma voltage. Ma diode a Zener amatha kulumikizidwa motsatizana kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi apamwamba, ndipo ma voltages apamwamba amatha kupezeka powalumikiza motsatizana.

Zener diode
Nambala 3: Crystal diode. Crystal diode (dzina lachingerezi: crystaldiode) Kachipangizo kamene kali mbali zonse za semiconductor mu chipangizo chamagetsi cholimba. Chofunikira chachikulu pazida izi ndi mawonekedwe awo osakhala amtundu wamagetsi amakono. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo za semiconductor ndi njira zamakono, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyana siyana za semiconductor, kugawa doping, ndi mapangidwe a geometric, ma diode osiyanasiyana a crystal omwe ali ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zapangidwa. Zida zopangira zimaphatikizapo germanium, silicon ndi ma semiconductors apawiri. Ma diode a Crystal atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga, kuwongolera, kulandira, kusintha, kukulitsa ma siginecha, ndi kutembenuza mphamvu. Ma Crystal diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, koma amatha kukhala pachitatu pamndandanda wa zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Crystal diode
Nambala 2: Ma capacitors. Ma capacitor nthawi zambiri amafupikitsidwa ngati ma capacitors (dzina la Chingerezi: capacitor). Capacitor, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi 'chosungira magetsi', chipangizo chomwe chimasungira magetsi. Ma capacitors ndi amodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi pazida zamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo monga kutsekereza, kulumikiza, kudutsa, kusefa, kukonza malupu, kutembenuza mphamvu, ndi kuwongolera.
Ma capacitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, koma amatha kukhala achiwiri pamndandanda wazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Tsopano nthawi yochitira umboni chozizwitsa yakwana.
Na. 1: Otsutsa. Resistors (dzina la Chingerezi: Resistor) nthawi zambiri amatchedwa resistors m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi chinthu chochepetsera pano. Resistor imakhala ndi cholepheretsa pakalipano. Ikhoza kuchepetsa panopa kudzera munthambi yolumikizidwa kwa izo, ndipo panopa ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi kutsutsa kwa resistor, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito mokhazikika pansi pa zomwe zawerengedwa panopa. , Ngakhale kuti udindo wa kukana ndi wamba kwambiri, koma tanthauzo lake ndilofunika kwambiri, ndi kukana kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha zigawo zosiyanasiyana.