nkhani

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya inductance ndiyosamveka kwambiri. Kuti tifotokoze kuti inductance ndi chiyani, timayambira pazochitika zenizeni zakuthupi.

1. Zochitika ziwiri ndi lamulo limodzi: magnetism-induced magnetism, magnetism-induced magetsi, ndi lamulo la Lenz.

1.1 Electromagnetic phenomenon

Pali kuyesera mu sayansi ya sekondale: pamene singano yaing'ono ya maginito imayikidwa pafupi ndi kondakitala ndi zamakono, mayendedwe a singano yaing'ono ya maginito amapotoza, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti pali mphamvu ya maginito kuzungulira panopa. Chodabwitsa ichi chinapezedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Danish Oersted mu 1820.

Ngati titembenuza kondakitala kukhala bwalo, mphamvu za maginito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi bwalo lililonse la kondakitala zimatha kuphatikizika, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito yonse imakhala yamphamvu, yomwe imatha kukopa tinthu tating'ono. Pachithunzichi, koyiloyo imalimbikitsidwa ndi 2 ~ 3A. Zindikirani kuti waya wa enameled ali ndi malire omwe adavotera pano, apo ayi adzasungunuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.

2. Magnetoelectricity phenomenon

Mu 1831, wasayansi wa ku Britain, Faraday, anapeza kuti mbali ina ya kondakitala wa chigawo chotsekedwa ikasuntha kuti idutse mphamvu ya maginito, magetsi amapangidwa pa kondakitala. Chofunikira ndichakuti dera ndi maginito zili pamalo osinthika, motero amatchedwa "dynamic" magnetoelectricity, ndipo zomwe zimapangidwa zimatchedwa kuti induced current.

Titha kuchita kuyesa ndi mota. Mu motor wamba DC brushed, gawo la stator ndi maginito osatha ndipo gawo la rotor ndi coil conductor. Kutembenuza pamanja rotor kumatanthauza kuti kondakitala akuyenda kuti adule mizere yamphamvu ya maginito. Pogwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope kulumikiza maelekitirodi awiri a injini, kusintha kwa magetsi kungayesedwe. Jenereta imapangidwa motengera mfundo iyi.

3. Lamulo la Lenz

Lamulo la Lenz: Mayendedwe apano omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maginito ndi njira yomwe imatsutsana ndi kusintha kwa maginito.

Kumvetsetsa kosavuta kwa chiganizo ichi ndi: pamene mphamvu ya maginito (ya kunja kwa maginito) ya chilengedwe cha kondakita imakhala yamphamvu, mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yake yamakono imakhala yosiyana ndi mphamvu yakunja ya maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yonse ya maginito ikhale yofooka kuposa yakunja. maginito. Pamene mphamvu ya maginito (yakunja kwa maginito) ya chilengedwe cha kondakita imakhala yofooka, mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yake yamagetsi imakhala yotsutsana ndi mphamvu yakunja ya maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yonse ya maginito ikhale yamphamvu kuposa mphamvu yakunja.

Lamulo la Lenz litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa komwe kumachokera pakali pano.

2. Spiral chubu coil - kufotokoza momwe ma inductors amagwirira ntchito Podziwa zochitika ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi lamulo limodzi, tiyeni tiwone momwe ma inductors amagwirira ntchito.

Inductor yosavuta kwambiri ndi coil chubu:

Mkhalidwe panthawi yoyatsa

Timadula kachigawo kakang'ono ka chubu chozungulira ndipo timatha kuwona zozungulira ziwiri, koyilo A ndi koyilo B:

Panthawi yoyatsa magetsi, zinthu zimakhala motere:

①Coil A imadutsa pakalipano, poganiza kuti mayendedwe ake akuwonetsedwa ndi mzere wolimba wa buluu, womwe umatchedwa kutulutsa kwakunja;
②Malinga ndi mfundo ya electromagnetism, mphamvu yakunja yakunja imapanga mphamvu ya maginito, yomwe imayamba kufalikira pamalo ozungulira ndikuphimba koyilo B, yomwe ili yofanana ndi koyilo B kudula mizere yamphamvu yamphamvu, monga momwe madontho a buluu akuwonekera;
③Malinga ndi mfundo ya magnetoelectricity, magetsi opangidwa amapangidwa mu koyilo B, ndipo mayendedwe ake akuwonetsedwa ndi mzere wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe umatsutsana ndi chisangalalo chakunja;
④Malinga ndi lamulo la Lenz, mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ikulimbana ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya kunja komweko, monga momwe madontho obiriwira amasonyezera;

Zomwe zikuchitika pambuyo poyatsa mphamvu yakhazikika (DC)

Mphamvu ikakhazikika, mphamvu yakunja ya koyilo A imakhala yosasintha, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapanga imakhala yosasinthika. Mphamvu ya maginito ilibe kusuntha kwachibale ndi koyilo B, kotero kulibe magnetoelectricity, ndipo palibe chapano choimiridwa ndi mzere wobiriwira wobiriwira. Panthawiyi, inductor ikufanana ndi dera lalifupi lachisangalalo chakunja.

3. Makhalidwe a inductance: panopa sangathe kusintha mwadzidzidzi

Pambuyo pomvetsetsa momwe aninductorimagwira ntchito, tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe ake ofunikira kwambiri - zomwe zikuchitika mu inductor sizingasinthe mwadzidzidzi.

Pachithunzichi, nsonga yopingasa yokhotakhota yakumanja ndi nthawi, ndipo nsonga yoyimirira ndiyomwe ili pa inductor. Nthawi yomwe kusinthaku kwatsekedwa kumatengedwa ngati chiyambi cha nthawi.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti: 1. Panthawi yomwe kusinthako kwatsekedwa, panopa pa inductor ndi 0A, yomwe ili yofanana ndi inductor yomwe imatsegulidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti pompopompo imasintha kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yayikulu (yobiriwira) kuti ikane kutulutsa kwakunja (buluu);

2. Pofika pamtunda wokhazikika, panopa pa inductor amasintha mofulumira;

3. Pambuyo pofika pamtunda wokhazikika, panopa pa inductor ndi I = E / R, yomwe ili yofanana ndi inductor kukhala yochepa;

4. Zogwirizana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira panopa ndi mphamvu yowonongeka ya electromotive, yomwe imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi E, choncho imatchedwa Back EMF (reverse electromotive force);

4. Kodi inductance ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Inductance imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuthekera kwa chipangizo kukana kusintha kwatsopano. Kuthekera kwamphamvu kukana kusintha kwakali pano, ndikokulirapo kwa inductance, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Pachisangalalo cha DC, inductor pamapeto pake imakhala yozungulira pang'ono (voltage ndi 0). Komabe, panthawi yopangira mphamvu, magetsi ndi magetsi si 0, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mphamvu. Njira yopezera mphamvuyi imatchedwa kuti kulipiritsa. Imasunga mphamvuyi mwa mawonekedwe a maginito ndipo imatulutsa mphamvu ikafunika (monga pamene kutengeka kwakunja sikungathe kusunga kukula kwamakono mokhazikika).

Ma inductors ndi zida za inertia mu gawo la electromagnetic. Zipangizo za inertial sizimakonda kusintha, monga ma flywheels mu mphamvu. Zimavuta kuti ziyambe kupota poyamba, ndipo zikangoyamba kupota, zimakhala zovuta kuzisiya. Njira yonseyi imatsagana ndi kutembenuka kwa mphamvu.

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