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Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukayika ma inductors ndi ma capacitors kuzungulira? Chinachake chozizira-ndipo ndikofunikira.
Mukhoza kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inductors, koma mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi cylindrical coil-a solenoid.
Pamene panopa akudutsa mu chipika choyamba, amapanga mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imadutsa muzitsulo zina.Pokhapokha ngati matalikidwe asintha, mphamvu ya maginito sidzakhala ndi zotsatira.Kusintha kwa maginito kumapanga magetsi m'madera ena. za magetsi awa zimapanga kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ngati batire.
Potsirizira pake, tili ndi chipangizo chomwe chili ndi kusiyana komwe kungatheke molingana ndi nthawi ya kusintha kwamakono (chifukwa chamakono chimapanga mphamvu ya maginito). Izi zikhoza kulembedwa motere:
Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikuyenera kuwonetsa mu equation iyi.Choyamba, L ndi inductance.Zimangotengera geometry ya solenoid (kapena mawonekedwe aliwonse omwe muli nawo), ndipo mtengo wake umayesedwa mu mawonekedwe a Henry.Chachiwiri, pali minus. chizindikiro. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwa kuthekera kudutsa inductor kumatsutsana ndi kusintha kwamakono.
Kodi inductance imachita bwanji m'derali? ma frequency apamwamba (AC circuit), padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kungathe kudutsa pa inductor.
Momwemonso, pali masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a ma capacitors.Mawonekedwe osavuta kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mbale ziwiri zofananira, iliyonse ili ndi mtengo (koma mtengo wake ndi ziro).
Kulipira pa mbale izi kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa capacitor.Chifukwa cha magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mbale iyeneranso kusintha.Kufunika kwa kusiyana kumeneku kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ndalama.Kusiyana kothekera kudutsa capacitor kungakhale. yolembedwa monga:
Apa C ndi capacitance mtengo mu farads-zimadaliranso kokha kachitidwe kachipangizo kachipangizo.
Ngati panopa akulowa mu capacitor, mtengo wamtengo wapatali pa bolodi udzasintha.Ngati pali nthawi zonse (kapena zochepa) zamakono, zamakono zidzapitiriza kuwonjezera malipiro ku mbale kuti ziwonjezeke zotheka, kotero pakapita nthawi, zomwe zingatheke pamapeto pake zidzatha. kukhala ngati dera lotseguka, ndipo magetsi a capacitor adzakhala ofanana ndi magetsi a batri (kapena magetsi). kudzikundikira, capacitor adzakhala ngati kulibe.
Tiyerekeze kuti tikuyamba ndi capacitor yoyendetsedwa ndikuyigwirizanitsa ndi inductor (palibe kukana m'dera chifukwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawaya angwiro a thupi) . chithunzi chotsatira.
Izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika.Choyamba, palibe panopa (chifukwa chosinthira ndi chotseguka).Kusintha kukatsekedwa, padzakhala panopa, popanda kutsutsa, izi zidzalumphira ku infinity.Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti Zomwe zingatheke kupyolera mu inductor zidzasintha.Panthawi ina, kusintha komwe kungatheke kudutsa pa inductor kudzakhala kwakukulu kusiyana ndi kusintha kwa capacitor (chifukwa capacitor imataya ndalama pamene ikuyenda panopa), ndiyeno yamakono idzasintha ndikubwezeretsanso capacitor. .Njirayi ipitilira kubwereza-chifukwa palibe kutsutsa.
Imatchedwa LC dera chifukwa ili ndi inductor (L) ndi capacitor (C) -Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizodziwikiratu.Kusintha komwe kungatheke kuzungulira dera lonse kuyenera kukhala zero (chifukwa ndi kuzungulira) kuti ndilembe:
Onse Q ndi ine tikusintha pakapita nthawi.Pali kugwirizana pakati pa Q ndi ine chifukwa panopa ndi nthawi ya kusintha kwa malipiro kuchoka pa capacitor.
Tsopano ndili ndi ma equation yachiwiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo.Iyi si equation yovuta kuyithetsa-kwenikweni, ndimatha kulingalira yankho.
Izi ndizofanana ndi yankho la misa pa kasupe (kupatula pamenepa, malo asinthidwa, osati malipiro).Koma dikirani! kuthetsa vutoli.Ndiloleni ndiyambe ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:
Kuti ndithetse vutoli mwachiwerengero, ndigawa vutoli kukhala masitepe ang'onoang'ono. Pa sitepe iliyonse, ndidzachita:
Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale zili bwino, mutha kuyeza nthawi ya oscillation ya dera (gwiritsani ntchito mbewa kuti musunthike ndikupeza mtengo wanthawi), ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito njira iyi kuti mufananize ndi ma frequency omwe amayembekezeredwa:
Zachidziwikire, mutha kusintha zina zomwe zili mu pulogalamuyi ndikuwona zomwe zimachitika-pitani patsogolo, simudzawononga chilichonse.
Chitsanzo cha pamwambachi ndi chosatheka.Zozungulira zenizeni (makamaka mawaya aatali mu inductors) ali ndi kukana.Ngati ndikanafuna kuti ndiphatikizepo chotsutsa ichi mu chitsanzo changa, dera lingawoneke motere:
Izi zidzasintha voteji loop equation.There tsopano padzakhalanso mawu oti angathe kugwetsa pa resistor.
Nditha kugwiritsanso ntchito kulumikizana pakati pa mtengo ndi wapano kuti ndipeze kusiyana kotere:
Pambuyo powonjezera chotsutsa, izi zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo sitingathe "kuganiza" yankho. Komabe, sikuyenera kukhala kovuta kwambiri kusintha mawerengedwe apamwambawa kuti athetse vutoli. ndi mzere womwe umawerengera chotuluka chachiwiri cha mtengo.Ndidawonjezera mawu pamenepo kuti ndifotokoze kukana (koma osati kuyitanitsa koyamba). Pogwiritsa ntchito 3 ohm resistor, ndimapeza zotsatira zotsatirazi (dinani batani lamasewera kuti muthamangitse).
Inde, mutha kusinthanso zikhalidwe za C ndi L, koma samalani. Ngati zili zotsika kwambiri, ma frequency amakhala okwera kwambiri ndipo muyenera kusintha kukula kwa sitepeyo kukhala mtengo wocheperako.
Mukapanga chitsanzo (kupyolera mu kusanthula kapena njira zamawerengero), nthawi zina simudziwa ngati zili zovomerezeka kapena zabodza.Njira imodzi yoyesera chitsanzo ndikufanizira ndi deta yeniyeni.Tiyeni tichite izi.Izi ndi zanga. kukhazikitsa.
Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.Choyamba, ndinagwiritsa ntchito mabatire atatu amtundu wa D kuti ndiwononge ma capacitors.Ndingathe kudziwa pamene capacitor ili pafupi ndi chiwongolero chonse mwa kuyang'ana magetsi kudutsa capacitor.Kenako, tsegulani batri ndikutseka chosinthira kutulutsa capacitor kudzera mu inductor.The resistor ndi mbali chabe ya waya-ine ndiribe resistor osiyana.
Ndinayesa mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana ya ma capacitor ndi inductors, ndipo potsiriza ndinapeza ntchito. Pankhani iyi, ndinagwiritsa ntchito 5 μF capacitor ndi transformer yakale yowoneka bwino monga inductor yanga (yosasonyezedwa pamwambapa). inductance, kotero ine ndikungoyerekeza nthawi ya ngodya ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wanga wodziwika bwino kuti ndithetsere 13.6 Henry's inductance.Kutsutsa, ndinayesa kuyeza mtengo uwu ndi ohmmeter, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa 715 ohms mu chitsanzo changa kunkawoneka kuti ndikugwira ntchito. zabwino kwambiri.
Ichi ndi graph ya chitsanzo changa cha nambala ndi voteji yoyezera mu dera lenileni (ndinagwiritsa ntchito Vernier differential voltage probe kuti ndipeze voteji ngati ntchito ya nthawi).
Sikokwanira bwino-koma ndi pafupi kwambiri kwa ine.Mwachiwonekere, ndikhoza kusintha magawo pang'ono kuti ndikhale bwino, koma ndikuganiza kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuti chitsanzo changa sichipenga.
Chofunikira chachikulu cha dera ili la LRC ndikuti lili ndi ma frequency achilengedwe omwe amadalira makonda a L ndi C. Tiyerekeze kuti ndachita zosiyana. pazipita panopa mu dera zimadalira pafupipafupi oscillating voteji gwero.Pamene pafupipafupi gwero voteji ndi dera LC ndi chimodzimodzi, mudzapeza pazipita panopa.
Chubu chokhala ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu ndi capacitor, ndipo chubu chokhala ndi waya ndi chothandizira. Pamodzi ndi (diode ndi chojambula m'makutu) izi zimapanga wailesi ya crystal.Inde, ndinayiyika pamodzi ndi zinthu zosavuta (ndinatsatira malangizo pa YouTube iyi. video). Lingaliro lofunikira ndikusinthira mayendedwe a ma capacitor ndi ma inductors kuti "kuyimba" ku wayilesi inayake. Sindingathe kuyigwira bwino - sindikuganiza kuti pali ma wayilesi abwino a AM kuzungulira. (kapena inductor wanga wathyoka).Komabe, ndinapeza kuti zida zakale za crystal radio zimagwira ntchito bwino.
Ndinapeza siteshoni yomwe sindimamva, kotero ndikuganiza kuti wailesi yanga yodzipangira yokha singakhale yabwino kuti ndilandire siteshoni. Ndizisunga mu post yamtsogolo.
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